A ball valve is a type of valve used to control the flow of liquids and gases. It is named for its spherical shape, which allows it to be opened and closed with a quarter-turn of the handle. The ball valve is composed of a ball with a hole in the center, which is connected to a stem that is connected to the handle. When the handle is turned, the ball rotates and the hole is either opened or closed, allowing or preventing the flow of the liquid or gas. Ball valves are used in a variety of applications, including plumbing, industrial, and medical applications. They are typically used when a full shutoff is required, as they are able to provide a tight seal when closed. Ball valves are also known for their durability and long service life, making them a popular choice for many applications.